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You can improve this situation a fair bit by restricting your use of the SqlDataSource to stored procedures. However, in a large-scale web application, the data access code will be maintained, tested, and refined separately from the business logic (and it may even be coded by different developers). The SqlDataSource just doesn t give you that level of flexibility.

This example uses the DataBinder.Eval() method to retrieve a piece of information from the data item using reflection. Alternatively, you could cast the e.Row.DataItem to the correct type (such as EmployeeDetails for the ObjectDataSource), DataRowView (for the SqlDataSource in DataSet mode), or DbDataRecord (for the SqlDataSource in DataReader mode). However, the DataBinder.Eval() approach works in all these scenarios (at the cost of being slightly slower).

Maintenance in large applications: Every page that accesses the database needs its own set of SqlDataSource controls. This can turn into a maintenance nightmare, particularly if you have several pages using the same query (each of which requires a duplicate instance of the SqlDataSource). In a component-based application, you ll use a higher-level model. The web pages will communicate with a data access library, which will contain all the database details. Lack of flexibility: Every data access task requires a separate SqlDataSource. If you want to provide a user with multiple ways to view or query data, this can swamp your page with data sources objects, one for each command variant. This can get complicated fast. Inapplicability to other data tasks: The SqlDataSource doesn t properly represent some types of tasks. The SqlDataSource is intended for data display and data editing scenarios. However, this model breaks down if you need to connect to the database and perform another task, such as placing a shipment request into an order pipeline or logging an event. In these situations, you ll need custom database code. It will simplify your application if you have a single database library that encapsulates these tasks along with data retrieval and updating operations.

Selecting a row means that the user can highlight or change the appearance of a row by clicking some sort of button or link. When the user clicks the button, not only will the row change its appearance, but also your code will have the opportunity to handle the event. The GridView provides built-in support for selection. You simply need to add a CommandField column with the ShowSelectButton property set to True. The CommandField can be rendered as a hyperlink, a button, or a fixed image. You choose the type using the ButtonType property. You can then specify the text through the SelectText property or specify the link to the image through the SelectImageUrl property. Here s an example that displays a select button: <asp:CommandField ShowSelectButton="True" ButtonType="Button" SelectText="Select" /> And here s an example that shows a small clickable icon: <asp:CommandField ShowSelectButton="True" ButtonType="Image" SelectImageUrl="select.gif" /> Figure 10-5 shows both types of select buttons. Clicking either one selects the row.

This isn t the most useful example of using the RowCreated event, but it demonstrates how you can handle the event and read all the important information for the item. You could use much more imaginative formatting to change the way the pager s links are represented, add new buttons to the pager or header, render values that you want to highlight with special fonts and colors, create total and subtotal rows, and more.

In fact, in a well-abstracted three-tier application, your web page may call a method such as Business.PlaceOrder() without worrying about whether this operation involves saving an order record in a database, sending a message to a message queue, communicating with a remote component, or using a combination of all these tasks.

When you click a select button, the page is posted back, and a series of steps unfolds. First, theGridView.SelectedIndexChanging event fires, which you can intercept to cancel the operation. Next, the GridView.SelectedIndex property is adjusted to point to the selected row. Finally, the GridView.SelectedIndexChanged event fires, which you can handle if you want to manually update other controls to reflect the new selection. When the page is rendered, the selected row is given the SelectedRowStyle.